Respons Kebijakan pemerintah Daerah terhadap Potensi Konflik Pembangunan Smelter Nikel di Parigi Moutong

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respons kebijakan dan peran Pemerintah Kabupaten Parigi Moutong dalam merespons potensi konflik akibat pembangunan smelter nikel PT. ATI. Pembangunan ini, sebagai implementasi kebijakan hilirisasi (UU No. 3/2020), berpotensi memicu konflik sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan akibat ketimpangan relasi kekuasaan antar aktor. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menguji peran pemerintah berdasarkan teori Ryaas Rasyid (regulator, dinamisator, fasilitator), didukung teori konflik Dahrendorf dan Coser. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dan dianalisis melalui reduksi, penyajian, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah (regulator, dinamisator, dan fasilitator) belum terlaksana secara efektif dan menyeluruh. Sebagai regulator, pemerintah dinilai lemah karena ketiadaan Perda spesifik perlindungan lokal, hanya bertindak sebagai pelaksana kebijakan pusat. Sebagai dinamisator, pemerintah cenderung pasif, minim sosialisasi, dan membatasi ruang dialog. Terakhir, sebagai fasilitator, pemerintah belum berhasil menjembatani kepentingan para pihak karena belum terbentuknya forum komunikasi tripartit. Konflik laten yang bersumber dari ketidakadilan kompensasi lahan, kekhawatiran pencemaran, dan ketimpangan manfaat ekonomi tidak tersalurkan, menimbulkan ketegangan sosial. Disimpulkan, respons kebijakan pemerintah lebih bersifat reaktif dan belum mampu mengelola potensi konflik secara komprehensif. Implikasi penelitian menyarankan perlunya penguatan regulasi lokal, peningkatan transparansi, dan pembentukan forum komunikasi multipihak yang efektif untuk mendukung pembangunan inklusif dan berkelanjutan di Parigi Moutong.

This study aims to analyze the policy response and the role of the Parigi Moutong Regency Government in addressing the potential conflicts arising from the development of the PT. ATI nickel smelter. This development, as an implementation of the downstreaming policy (Law No. 3/2020), has the potential to trigger social, economic, and environmental conflicts due to the imbalance of power relations among actors. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, this research examines the government's role based on the Ryaas Rasyid theory (regulator, dynamicator, facilitator), supported by Dahrendorf and Coser conflict theories. data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the primary roles of the local government (as regulator, dynamicator, and facilitator) have not been implemented effectively and comprehensively. As a regulator, the government is deemed weak due to the absence of specific local regulations (Perda) for social protection, acting solely as a technical executor of central policy. As a dynamicator, the government tends to be passive, limiting dialogue and community socialization. Finally, as a facilitator, the government has failed to bridge the interests of the parties, mainly because a tripartite communication forum has not been established. Consequently, latent conflicts originating from unequal land compensation, environmental pollution concerns, and disparities in economic benefits are not resolved, leading to social tension. It is concluded that the government's policy response is more reactive and unable to manage potential conflicts comprehensively. The implications of this study suggest the need for strengthening local regulations, enhancing transparency, and establishing effective multi-stakeholder communication forums to support inclusive and sustainable development in Parigi Moutong.