The Role of Government Policy in Responding to Climate Change: A Literature Review

Abstract

Climate change poses a critical global challenge that requires immediate and coordinated responses. Government policies play a pivotal role in shaping strategies for mitigation and adaptation, influencing both national and international agendas. This literature review examines existing research on the role of government policy in addressing climate change, with a focus on the effectiveness, limitations, and implications of policy frameworks. The review identifies key themes, including regulatory approaches, market-based mechanisms, international cooperation, and the integration of sustainability into national development agendas. Findings suggest that while progressive policies can significantly reduce emissions and build resilience, their success is often constrained by political will, institutional capacity, and socio-economic disparities. This study highlights the importance of evidence-based policymaking, cross-sectoral collaboration, and inclusive governance in strengthening responses to climate change. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review provides insights for policymakers and researchers to design more comprehensive and equitable strategies in the face of global environmental challenges.